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Plumbing:
Plumbing refers to a system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the distribution of potable water and the removal of waterborne wastes.
Plumbing is usually distinguished from water and sewage systems, in that a plumbing system serves one building, while water and sewage systems serve a
group of buildings or a city.
In the State of Florida according to the Building Code, the Design of the Plumbing for a Residence or Addition can be done by the Plumbing Contractor.
If you plan to Building a Commercial project, it is required that the Plumbing Plans be prepared by an Architect or Engineer,
Some Components:
Sewer Pipes = Pipes that carry away waste to sewer treatment plant or septic tank.
Water Supply Pipes = Pipes that Supply Water to building.
Lawn Sprinkler Systems = Lawn Sprinkler System including piping and sprinkler heads, etc.
Swimming Pools = Pump supply, return and filter.
Gas Pipes = Gas lines and any piping system that conveys water, air, gas or other liquids.
Fire Sprinkler Systems = Fire Sprinkler System including piping and sprinkler heads, etc.
Typical Toilet Waste Connection
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Sewer Lines:
Sewer Lines are the pipes that carry away the water and sewer from your toilets (wc), lavs, shower and kitchen sinks.
The sizing of Sewer Lines are calculated by computing all of the connected fixtures, such as, water closets (toilets), lavs, sinks, showers, tubs, urinals, etc. Each of the connected fixtures are given a value per the Plumbing Code. Each of these values are called 'Fixture Units'.
Examples of Fixture Units values per the Plumbing Code are:
- Water Closets = 4 Fixture Units (requires minimum 3" sewer line)
- Lavs = 2 Fixture Units (requires minimum 1 1/2" sewer lines)
- Kitchen Sinks = 2 Fixture Units (requires minimum 1 1/2" sewer lines)
- Tubs = 2 Fixture Units (requires minimum 1 1/2" sewer lines)
Once all of the fixture units are added together, refer to the Plumbing Code for the size of the pipe required for all of the connected fixtures.
The size of the pipe may change according to the slope of the sewer line. Refer to the Plumbing Code for location of clean-outs and the required
vent sizes. The code also specifies the how far above the roof the vent shall extend.
Water Lines:
Water Lines are calculated by computing all of the connected fixtures, such as, water closets (toilets), lavs, sinks, showers, tubs, urinals, etc. Each of the connected fixtures are given a value per the Plumbing Code. Each of these values are defined in the Code and assigned a pipe size for each type of fixture being served.
Examples of pipe size based upon Fixture type per the Standard Plumbing Code are:
- Water Closets = 3/8" (Tank Type)
- Water Closets = 1" (Flush Valve)
- Drinking Fountain = 3/8"
- Kitchen Sinks = 1/2" (residential)
- Shower = 1/2" (Single Head)
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Waste Riser Diagram
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Waste Pipe Design Example:
For a Commercial Project, locate the point where the Sewer Pipe will be connected, as shown on the Survey or Civil Engineering Drawings.
Next prepare a layout of how you want to interconnect the Waste Pipes and convey them to the Sewer Tie-in. This is done on the Floor Plan.
Identify all of the Plumbing Fixtures, and from the Plumbing Code obtain the Fixture Unit Values for each Fixture. Once the Pipes are layed out,
and interconnected, you can add the Fixture Unit Values along each run. Where the Pipes join you add the sum total of the Fixture Units. Continue
to add all Fixture Units until you reach the Point where the Pipe Ties-in to the Sewer Connection Point. The Number of Fixture Units is used to
Determine the Size of the Waste Pipes (Waste Line). Based upon the Size of the Pipe, you will apply the required Slope of the Pipe. The Fixture
Units, Pipe Size and Slopes are taken from the Plumbing Code Tables.
The Drawing above (Waste Riser Diagram) shows how the Fixture Units are combined along the runs and carried to the Tie-in Point.
For Residential Projects, follow the same procedure.
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Plumbing Fixtures Requirements
This is a partical table of Fixture Requirements, for Residences and Business Occupancies,
for a Complete List, see the Plumbing Code
Slope of Horizontal Drainage Pipe
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Drainage Fixture Units for Fixture Drains or Traps
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Drainage Fixture Units for Fixtures and Groups
Drainage Fixture Units for Fixture Drains ot Traps
Building Drains and Sewer
Horizontal Fixture Branches and Stacks
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